On the shores of the Penyagin Pond lies a settlement of the Vyatichi from the 12th-13th centuries, known as the 3rd Spas-Tushino Settlement. It was discovered in 1990 and 1992 by the staff of the Moscow Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research led by A.G. Veksler in 1992 was the last to date. During the work, numerous damages to the cultural layer were revealed, which was already insignificant, about 10 cm. Several fragments of ceramic vessels dating back to the 12th-13th centuries were found in it. Full-scale excavations have never been conducted here, and the settlement awaits further study.

The Vyatichi, one of the East Slavic tribes, maintained their distinctions during the era of the Kievan Rus. They formed a tribal union and inhabited the upper Oka region in the 9th-11th centuries, controlling important trade routes between Europe and the East. The Vyatichi lived in a clan-based society, electing a leader called a prince, who eventually became a hereditary ruler. They built log houses with small windows that were closed with bolts during the cold season.

The lands of the Vyatichi were renowned for their wealth and abundance of game, birds, and fish. They led a semi-hunting, semi-agricultural lifestyle, moving villages as the fields became exhausted. In addition to agriculture and hunting, the Vyatichi engaged in beekeeping and fishing. Beaver fur was an important commodity, and livestock was raised, with feed harvested using long scythes.

The Vyatichi actively traded, establishing connections with the Arab world via the Oka and Volga rivers, as well as with Western Europe and Byzantium. They exchanged furs, honey, and crafts for silk fabrics and jewelry. Archaeological excavations have uncovered numerous craft workshops where metal was processed and jewelry was made.

Ancient Russian sources mention various terms for rural settlements, but the most common is "selo." Such settlements were located near water bodies and occupied a small area, consisting of several yards, with a population rarely exceeding 50 people. The main dwellings were above-ground log structures with stone stoves, as well as semi-earth houses with clay stoves. The inhabitants of such settlements were self-sufficient, and archaeologists often find traces of economic and craft buildings.