Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Russian state rapidly strengthened its power and became one of the leading world powers, establishing political ties with European countries. The tsar sought to demonstrate internal prosperity through the external luxury of his court.

One of the royal treasures was the diamond throne, crafted in the Gothic style. This throne, created in Isfahan (Iran) in 1659 by the court jewelers of the Persian shah, was gifted to the tsar by the Armenian trading company. The Armenian merchants hoped that such a gift would help them gain various trade benefits and privileges in Russia.

Archive records of the arrival of the Persians mention that "in 1660, a gift was presented to His Majesty Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from the Armenian merchant Zakhar Saradarov: a chair adorned with gold, precious stones, diamonds, jacinths, and pearls, valued at 22,591 rubles altyn."

To decorate the throne, Armenian merchants purchased numerous precious stones in India, including 800 outstanding diamonds. The throne was covered with golden basma and adorned with mesh embossed overlays with precious stones.

Four small pillars forming the base of the seat support two back pillars that lean back, forming a backrest. On the backrest, two Genies are embroidered in silk and gold (with pearl inlays) on black velvet, holding trumpets and supporting a crown with pearls and jewels. The crown contains 21 diamonds, 28 jacinths, two empty spaces, and in three strands of large pearls, 105 beads. The chests of the Genies are also adorned with jacinths and pearls. Between them is an inscription adorned with 162 small pearl beads: "To the most powerful and invincible Emperor of Muscovy Alexei, who reigns prosperously on earth, this throne made with great art; may it be a sign of the coming eternal bliss in heaven. Year of Christ 1659."