The Cherepovets Resurrection Monastery, a male monastery, existed at the confluence of the Yagorba and Sheksna rivers in the 14th and 18th centuries. From the monastery settlement in the 18th century, the city of Cherepovets emerged.

The monastery was founded by monks Feodosiy and Afanasy, disciples of Sergius of Radonezh. Later, the monastery's tradition linked its origin to a miraculous manifestation of light.

According to legend, a Moscow merchant, sailing down the Sheksna River to Belozersk, encountered an unusual phenomenon. In the area of present-day Cherepovets, at the mouth of the Yagorba River, darkness suddenly fell, and his boat ran aground. In prayer, the merchant saw a mountain covered with forest, as if on fire, and beams of light pointing the way. Following them, he freed his boat from the shallows and headed towards the mountain, after which the phenomenon disappeared. Shocked, the merchant climbed the mountain, from where he had a view of the endless forests and the winding Yagorba River. This happened on a Sunday. The merchant marked the place with a cross and left. The following year, he returned with an icon of the Resurrection of Christ and built a chapel on the mountain. Monks Feodosiy and Afanasy came to this chapel, founding the Cherepovets Resurrection Monastery.

The exact date of the monastery's founding is unknown, but local literature associates it with the episcopate of Ignatius.

The monastery had two churches: the cold Resurrection Church and the warm Trinity Church. The five-domed cathedral church of the Resurrection of Christ with chapels of John the Baptist, Afanasy and Feodosiy of Cherepovets, and Philip of Irkutsk, built in 1752 and 1756, is the oldest building in modern Cherepovets. It was painted in 1851.

The monastery was abolished in 1764 during Catherine's secularization. In the 1920s and 1930s, the cathedral belonged to the Renovationists, and its rector in 1924 and 1931 was Archpriest Ioann Maltsev. During the Great Patriotic War, the Resurrection Cathedral housed a workshop for repairing aircraft engines. Immediately after the war, the church was returned to the faithful.