The Voronezh Regional Art Museum named after I.N. Kramskoy, known by this name since 1984, was founded in 1933 as the Museum of Fine Arts. It originated from the merger of the art collections of the former Provincial Museum and the Museum of Antiquities and Fine Arts of VSU.

Since 1947, the museum has been located in a building constructed between 1777 and 1779 in the Baroque style, designed by provincial architect N.N. Ievsky. This building, a monument of history and culture of federal significance, was commissioned by the governor of Voronezh, Ivan Alexeyevich Potapov, on the street now known as Revolution Avenue. After Potapov's death, his widow moved to her estate and sold the building to Major General Sandberg, who transferred it to the Voronezh Commissariat Commission in 1803.

Initially, the building was surrounded by an arcade and one-story stone service buildings, forming a large courtyard with a park. Throughout the 19th century, the 'Voronezh Palace' underwent several renovations, but its main appearance remained unchanged.

In 1911, the building came under the jurisdiction of the Voronezh Provincial Museum, which became a local history museum after 1917. After World War II, it housed the Museum of Fine Arts, which returned from evacuation. The building, damaged by fire during the war, was restored in 1952-1953 under the guidance of architect G.V. Zdebchinsky. The historical interior layout has been preserved to this day. In 1984, an exhibition hall was added to the northern part of the building.

Today, the museum's collection includes over 22,000 exhibits, including works of ancient Egyptian and classical art, painting, sculpture, graphics, and decorative applied arts. The museum actively engages in research, cultural and educational activities, and collecting, as well as participating in exhibitions of the country's largest museums.