The building of the Assumption Church, designed in the Russian-Byzantine style, was erected at the end of the 19th century on the site of the old stone Assumption church. The church was consecrated on September 10, 1904 (August 28 in the old style) by Bishop Benjamin, who was then in charge of the Kaluga diocese. This is already the fifth Assumption Cathedral in the history of the monastery.

Since 1918, during the Soviet period, the Assumption Cathedral was used as a storage for agricultural machinery. During World War II and afterwards, the roofing iron was removed from the dome, and plants and mold appeared on the walls. A local resident built a shed with a pigsty next to the southern apse, and a cesspool was dug behind the altar. The interior decoration of the church was completely lost. In 1993, the semi-destroyed church was returned to the monastery, and a long reconstruction began, which included replacing the roof, plastering and painting the facades and interior walls, installing a heating system, electrification, laying granite floors, and other works.

The first Divine Liturgy in the restored church took place on June 29, 1995, conducted by Archbishop Clement of Kaluga and Borovsk. On June 19, 2001, the first liturgy was served in the restored right chapel, dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God "Kaluzhskaya." In early June 2005, the left chapel was created, dedicated to the Nativity of St. John the Baptist.

The rite of consecration of the restored three-altar Assumption Cathedral was conducted by Metropolitan Clement of Kaluga and Borovsk with the co-serving of Archbishop Georgy of Lyudinovo on June 29, 2005.

Currently, the church is operational year-round and serves as a cathedral, defining the full name of the monastery, the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos Kaluga Holy Tikhonov Monastery. Every Saturday, an All-Night Vigil is held here, and every Sunday, a Divine Liturgy. Services are also held on major feasts and patronal celebrations.

The interior decoration of the church includes three carved wooden iconostases with painted icons, two carved wooden choirs, and painted icons in carved kiots.