In the late 19th century, after the management of the Kiev-Voronezh railway was transferred from Konotop to Kursk in 1898, there arose a need for a new building for the expanded staff, which became part of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh railway. In 1902, a spacious building was constructed at 7 Dobrolyubova Street.

A third, massive red brick structure was added to the existing buildings on this street, overshadowing all surrounding constructions with its imposing appearance. The three-story building with a high basement was adorned with a roof featuring ornate towers.

In 1896, Kazimir Malevich arrived in Kursk from Kiev, where he had been studying at an art school. The future founder of Suprematism, one of the movements of avant-garde art, was forced to seek work as his father, a sugar factory worker, struggled to support a family of eleven children. In Kursk, Malevich found a job at the management of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh railway.

He continued to engage in drawing and soon organized an art lovers' circle in the city. However, in 1904, he left Kursk to enroll in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. Shortly after his departure, unrest began in the building.

The first Russian revolution was brewing. At the end of January 1905, railway employees presented a series of demands to the manager, threatening a strike if their demands were not met. These threats were accompanied by leaflets printed on a hectograph and distributed at all stations along the railway.

In the 1920s, a young G.M. Orlov, a well-known Soviet architect and one of the authors of the DneproGES project, worked as a draftsman in this building. After the railway management was transferred first to Kaluga and then to Moscow, from 1928 to 1930, the building housed railway school No. 39, and from 1931, secondary school No. 4.

In 1934, the building was transferred to the NKVD. Locals recall how "black crows," closed vans for transporting the arrested, would arrive and depart from this large house.

During the Great Patriotic War, the building was burned down, leaving only the walls. After the war, it was restored according to the project of architect S.P. Skibin, but without the towers on the roof, and it once again adorned Dobrolyubova Street. Until the early 1990s, it housed the regional KGB administration services, and now, the FSB.