The Troekurov princes held positions as voivodes, stewards, and boyars in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 16th century, they became related to the Romanovs: Prince Ivan Fyodorovich (died in 1621) was first married to Anna Nikitichna Romanova, sister of the future Patriarch Filaret, father of the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fyodorovich. The last of the Troekurov princes was Alexei Ivanovich (1683, 1740), who left no sons. His only daughter, Ekaterina, married Major General Count Vladimir Semyonovich Saltykov (1705, 1751), the younger brother of Field Marshal Count Pyotr Semyonovich Saltykov (1698, 1772). With the death of Alexei Ivanovich, the Troekurov line came to an end.

A. S. Pushkin used the surname Troekurov for one of the main characters in his story "Dubrovsky," portraying Kirila Petrovich Troekurov as an "old Russian nobleman."

However, before the revolution, the surname Troekurov was revived. In 1915, the state secretary of the State Council, Hofmeister Vladimir Anzelmovich Lyshchinsky (1861, 1935), a representative of an ancient Polish family known since the 16th century, received permission to add the surname Troekurov to his own, becoming Lyshchinsky-Troekurov. In 1916, he was also granted permission to use the princely title. The basis for this was his descent from the Troekurov princes through the female line, which was officially recognized but not proven. The acquisition of the title was facilitated by Vladimir Anzelmovich's family connections, as he was married to Maria Eduardovna (1865, 1933), daughter of the chairman of the State Council, Eduard Vasilyevich Frish (1833, 1907). Their descendants still bear the surname Lyshchinsky-Troekurov and live abroad, although one branch uses only the surname Lyshchinsky.