The church, which now belongs to the Old Believer community, was originally built as an Orthodox church between 1914 and 1918. In 1914, the diocesan newspaper "Church and Public Herald" reported that on September 17 at 13:00, a new cemetery church was laid on the field behind the Widow's House, between the Bugrovsky Old Believer cemetery and the former racetrack. The service was conducted by His Grace Joachim along with the city clergy. High-ranking officials from the city administration were present at the ceremony, including the acting mayor M.I. Budilov, council member V.I. Smirnov, other officials, and a representative of the Rukavishnikov family, V.M. Burmistrova. The Rukavishnikov and Akifyev families donated funds for the construction of the church and invited the architect of the Imperial Court, V.A. Pokrovsky, who designed the cemetery complex, which included the church, a clergy house, a gravedigger's cell, and a brick fence with decorative towers and gates.

On November 1, 1940, the Gorky Oblast Council decided to close the church, of which the church council was notified on November 20. The believers, unaware of the closure, promised the district council on November 12 to settle the debts of priests Arkhangelsky and Sviridov and requested to extend their registration until January 1, 1941. However, on December 6, the Zhdanov District Executive Committee annulled the registration of the priests and ordered the church to be closed from December 9 due to the church council's debts and the need for major repairs to the building. The community protested on December 19, stating that taxes were paid and the condition of the church was normal. Nevertheless, the decision to close was upheld, and on December 21, the church was ordered to be converted into a club.

On January 27, 1941, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR approved the decision to transfer the building to the Zhdanov District Executive Committee for conversion into a club, in coordination with the department for the protection of monuments. On February 6, 1941, the premises were transferred to the Promkombinat for the placement of a club and workshops. On April 14, 1941, the Oblispolkom approved this decision.

Until 1964, the building was used by the Gorky Hosiery and Knitting Factory. On August 26, 1964, the factory transferred the premises at Pushkin Cemetery to the Bureau of Funeral Services. The building required major repairs. On August 28, 1964, it was transferred to the Gorky Old Believer community, which completed the main restoration work by January 10, 1965.

In March 1965, the building of the Assumption Old Believer Church on Suetinskaya Street was demolished, and the church at Pushkin Cemetery was provided to the Old Believers for free use instead of the demolished building. Since then, the Novokladbishchenskaya Church has become an Old Believer church.