The Botkin City Clinical Hospital, located in the Begovoy district of the Northern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, is a multidisciplinary medical institution. It was founded in 1910 and until 1920 was named after Kozma Soldatenkov.

Moscow industrialist Kozma Soldatenkov bequeathed over two million rubles for the construction of a free hospital for the poor, regardless of their ranks, classes, and religions, on the condition that it be named after him. These funds were allocated to the Moscow City Administration, which in 1902 allocated about 12 hectares of land at Khodynka Field. Three years later, the city council approved the project by architect Illarion Ivanov-Shits, which provided for the construction of 12 buildings for 505 patients. Due to the First Russian Revolution, construction only began in mid-1908.

The official opening of the hospital took place on December 23, 1910, with therapist Fyodor Getye as the chief physician. Initially, one infectious diseases building was opened, but by 1912, six more were added: therapeutic, surgical, diphtheria, scarlet fever, mixed infection, and reception. The following year, three more buildings were completed. Among the hospital's doctors were pathologist academician Alexey Abrikosov and professor Vasily Shervinsky.

The buildings were located 60-80 meters apart and had glazed verandas overlooking the garden. Bedridden patients could spend time on these verandas. The wards were designed for six patients, but there were also single rooms for restless patients. Meals were tailored to the age and condition of the patient.

In December 1920, on its tenth anniversary, the hospital was named after the infectious disease specialist Sergey Botkin. In 1922, Professor Vladimir Rozanov performed surgery here to remove a bullet from Vladimir Lenin after an assassination attempt.

During the Great Patriotic War, the hospital served as a hospital where more than 43,000 military personnel were operated on. In 1942, hospital staff contributed 100,000 rubles to build the aircraft 'Botkinets'. In 1947, the clinic was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Among the notable chief physicians were Boris Shimelevich, who held the position from 1931 to 1949, and Nikifor Lapchenko, who became chief physician in 1964. In 1993, a monument to Kozma Soldatenkov was erected on the hospital grounds.

In 2013, Alexey Shabunin became the chief physician. In 2016, the helicopter landing pad in front of the emergency room was reconstructed. The hospital has 27 buildings and serves as a clinical base for 24 departments of six scientific centers and universities in Russia. In 2014, the hospital acquired the 'Da Vinci' surgical robot for endoscopic operations. In 2015, a simulation center was opened, where about 20,000 specialists were trained by 2017.

On the hospital grounds, there is a small church built according to Soldatenkov's will and consecrated in 1911 in honor of Saints Cosmas and Damian. The church was used for funerals and was closed in 1921, after which the building served as a pathological anatomy department until 1992. In 1997, the building was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.