The cathedral in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity was built in 1910 according to the design of architect F.N. Malinovsky. The church was known for its amazing acoustics, which allowed the singing of four monks in the choir to be heard up to two versts away.

The monastery was closed in 1928, and for about a year and a half, a parish community led by Hieromonk Joseph continued to operate in its place. On the feast day of the Venerable Fathers in Sinai and Raifa, January 27, 1930, all the monks of the Raifa Monastery, along with nuns and laypeople who came for the celebration, were arrested. Six of the monastery's inhabitants, including Hieromonk Joseph, Sergius, Anthony, Varlaam, Job, and novice Peter, suffered martyrdom, while the others were sent to concentration camps. In early 1991, the Raifa Monastery complex was the first among all former monasteries of the Kazan Diocese to be returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. By the blessing of Bishop Anastasius of Kazan and Mari El, now Archbishop of Kazan and Tatarstan, restoration work began. The abbot of the monastery was appointed to be Archimandrite Vsevolod Zakharov. On August 14, 1991, the miraculous Georgian icon of the Mother of God was transferred to the monastery, the first divine service was held, and the Georgian church was consecrated. On June 2, 1996, the last of the three restored churches of the monastery, the Trinity Church, was consecrated. On April 6, 1997, in the presence of several thousand believers, the canonization of the new Venerable Martyrs of Raifa, who perished in 1930, took place.