On June 30, 1850, His Grace Joseph, Bishop of Orenburg and Ufa, laid the foundation for a stone three-altar church measuring 16 by 20 fathoms in honor of the Most Holy Theotokos, dedicated to her miraculous Tikhvin icon. In 1861, the construction of the church was completed, and on October 10, the main altar was consecrated by Priest Alexander Petrovich Ostrovidev in honor of the Mother of God. Ostrovidev also consecrated on May 16, 1862, the chapel on the right side in honor of Archangel Michael, and on May 16, 1863, the chapel on the left side in honor of the first martyr Archdeacon Stephen, built in fulfillment of a vow by Euphimia Gerasimovna.

During World War I, the monastery and its Samara dependency housed hospitals for the wounded. In 1922, the district commission confiscated all church valuables from the monastery, although 170 sisters still resided there.

In January 1929, by the decree of the Buzuluk District Executive Committee, approved by the Middle Volga Regional Executive Committee on January 28, 1930, the Tikhvin Mother of God Women's Monastery was closed. In 1935, the monastery buildings were transferred to the energy department: a diesel power station was placed in the main Tikhvin Cathedral, and other buildings were used as warehouses.

In 1936, the monastery cells became the cells of a transit prison, where torture and executions of prisoners were carried out, including representatives of the clergy and residents of two Buzuluk monasteries. Here, the locally venerated schemamonk Maxim Piliptsov was imprisoned and met a martyr's death.

Later, the buildings of the monastery housed the city transport enterprise. The monastery complex has been almost completely preserved, except for the wooden church in honor of St. Nicholas and the bell tower, which were destroyed during the Soviet era.

On July 19, 2000, by the decision of the Holy Synod, the parish of All Saints in Buzuluk was transformed into the Tikhvin Women's Monastery.