The Russian Orthodox cemetery in Wiesbaden is the oldest Russian cemetery in Europe, except for the military cemetery in Leipzig.

In 1844, Duke Adolf-Wilhelm of Nassau married Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna, the daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich. However, on January 16 (28), 1845, Elizabeth Mikhailovna died during childbirth along with her newborn daughter. Shocked by this tragedy, Duke Adolf decided to build a church at the site of her burial. Construction of the church began in 1847, and the funds for its construction were allocated from Elizabeth's dowry with the permission of Nicholas I. The church was consecrated on May 13, 1855, in honor of Saint Elizabeth, the patron saint of the deceased princess.

The church became a gathering place for the Russian Orthodox community that already existed in Wiesbaden, as well as for Russian guests and travelers visiting the popular resort in the 19th century. Emperor Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra Fyodorovna attended services at this church during their trips to Germany. In memory of the Tsar's visit, a golden plaque was installed in the church. Later, the congregation was joined by members of the White movement who emigrated and settled in Germany.