The three-domed stone cathedral, dedicated to the Placement of the Honorable Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos at Blachernae, is located next to the Holy Gates. It was built in the 16th century, with dating varying: some believe it to be from the first half of the century, while others cite 1560.

According to one version, the cathedral was erected in the 1520s by a close boyar of Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, Ivan Shigonya-Podzhogin. This is a relatively small church, one of the first without columns in Central Russian architecture. It is covered by a vaulted ceiling with arches, which is reflected in the facades, completed with zakomaras. The smooth facades, pierced by simple window embrasures, are decorated with a frieze of large pentagonal niches, bordered by thin horizontal profiles. The tops of the drum of the domes are also adorned with paired niches. Due to the column-free design of the cathedral, the domes had to be significantly lightened, resulting in the creation of unusual, narrow, and tall drums topped with helmet-like finishes.

In 1586, a northern chapel was added to the cathedral. In 1688, simultaneously with the construction of the Holy Gates, architects Ivan Mamin, Andrey Shmakov, and Ivan Gryaznov surrounded the church from the south and west with a richly decorated gallery. The western wall of the porch stands out particularly, adorned with expressive pilasters, a luxurious portal, and tiles with white, green, yellow, and brown glazing.

After the fire of 1769, the interior decoration of the cathedral was completely renewed. V. T. Georgievsky noted in 1900 that "time and fires destroyed everything ancient, both the iconostasis and the icons. The current iconostasis, created in the 1840s, is four-tiered, with columns and large carvings, painted red and gilded, and does not represent anything stylish; it is heavy and of rather mediocre carpentry work."

In the 19th century, the helmet-shaped domes of the church were replaced with onion-shaped ones. In 1929, the drums were completely demolished as an electric substation was placed in the cathedral. The historical appearance of the church was largely restored during the restoration by O. G. Guseva in 1964. At the turn of the millennium, the cathedral became active again, and in 2015, the main shrine, the relics of St. Euphrosinia of Suzdal, returned to it.