There is a legend about the origin of the village's name, according to which at this place, where there was no permanent settlement yet, there was a resting spot for trade caravans. It is believed that this place was halfway from the border of the Kazakh steppes to Kurgan, hence the name. However, this is unlikely, as the distance from the village to Kurgan is significantly greater than to the Presnogorykovskaya fortified line, which long served as the border of Russian lands. Most likely, the settlement got its name from Lake Polovinnoye, although the origin of the lake's name is unknown.

In the 1860s, the village of Polovinnaya belonged to the Lower Alabuga volost of the Kurgan district, and from 1881 it became part of the Bashkir volost, and from 1905 a separate Polovinskaya volost was formed. Probably, since the construction of the Trinity Church, an annual fair began to be held in the village on the day of the Holy Trinity. It is known that in the 1860s it already existed, and at the end of the 19th century, the Andreevskaya fair was established, which took place annually from November 23 to 30 in the square near the church. It is unknown to which parish the settlement belonged shortly after its formation. Starting from 1829, the residents of Polovinnaya were listed in the parish of the Nikolayevskaya (later the Bogoroditse-Kazanskaya) church of the Presnogorykovskaya fortress, located 35 versts away. Some of them were also listed under the Holy Trinity Church of the Kabanya fortress, which is 30 versts away. In the mid-1840s, some residents of Polovinnaya temporarily joined the parish of the Nikolayevskaya Old Believer Church of the Lower Alabuga village, located 45 versts away.

In 1845, an independent Polovinsk parish was opened, which included, besides the village, the villages of Khlyupova and Chashevitaya (Filippova), and soon the village of Marai joined them. By 1866, the parish included the village of Dubrovka, from 1869, the village of Bashkirskaya, from 1871, the village of Zhilina, and from 1884, the villages of Vasilyevka and Novo-Khlyupova. In 1899, the village of Marai was transferred to the parish of the Pokrovskaya church of the Baydarsky village. From 1902, the villages of Bashkirskaya and Novo-Khlyupova were transferred to a new parish at the Znamenskaya church of the Bashkir village. In 1909, the village of Chuloshnaya was added to the Kabany parish of the Omsk diocese. In 1915, the village of Vasilyevka became an independent parish at the newly built Bogoroditse-Kazanskaya church. In 1919, the village of Filippova became an independent parish at the Pokrov prayer house, at the same time the village of Chuloshnaya formed a separate parish at the Dimitriev prayer house, and the village of Zhilina joined a new parish at the Ioannov prayer house of the Marai village. By 1925, the parish consisted of the village of Polovinsk, the villages of Khlyupovskaya and Dubrovskaya, and the settlements of Novo-Ukrainskoye, Trubetskoye, and Petrovskoye. It likely existed in this form until its closure in the early 1930s.

By the end of the 1830s, due to settlers from central Russia, the population of the villages of Polovinnaya, Khlyupova, and Filippova of the Presnogorykov and Kabanya parishes significantly increased. In this regard, the parishioners in 1839 appealed to the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory with a request to allow the construction of a church in the village of Polovinnaya. Permission was granted, and the land for construction was allocated in the same year. In 1844, after the construction of a new temple in the Barabinsk parish, the residents decided to sell their old wooden church with an iconostasis and utensils to the peasants of Polovinnaya, but without the bell tower, which had already been dismantled. The plan and facade for the construction were issued on December 14, 1845, and in 1846 the old Barabinsk church was purchased and transported to the village of Polovinnaya. The construction was carried out by the efforts of the parishioners and was completed by 1848. The building was wooden, one-story, with a bell tower. Rooms for the sacristy and the prothesis were added to the altar on the southern and northern sides. By 1849, the church was sheathed with planks and painted white, while the roofs and dome were painted green. In 1849-1850, the iconostasis was installed. The altar was arranged in the name of the Holy Trinity.

By the beginning of 1852, the church was ready for consecration, but the stone foundation turned out to be unstable and required repair. Probably, the temple was consecrated soon after, although the exact date is unknown. At that time, it had a two-tiered iconostasis made of pine wood, painted white and pink, with gilded half-columns and cornices. The iconostasis contained 31 icons. There were also two kiots with icons on wooden boards. By the early 1870s, the church had fallen into disrepair due to the unstable foundation, the walls had settled, and the bell tower had tilted. The roof leaked.

In 1873, the parishioners requested permission to replace the roof and repair the bell tower, which was granted by the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory. However, in 1874, the work was not completed, and in 1875 it was announced that if the church was not repaired, it would be attached to other parishes. After that, the parishioners agreed to rebuild the church, and the work began in August 1876, finishing in October 1877.

The church was rebuilt according to the same plan. A new stone foundation was constructed, the building was sheathed with planks, and the roofs were covered with iron. Two windows were added, and metal grilles were installed. The building had three domes with iron crosses. Probably, a secondary consecration took place soon after. In 1882, the iconostasis was updated, accommodating 35 icons. In 1886, a fence with stone pillars and a wooden fence was built. In the early 1990s, the building was plastered and whitewashed.

The Trinity Church in the village of Polovinnoye was closed in 1935 by the decision of the Polovinsky district executive committee. The premises were converted into a House of Culture, with service rooms, a foyer, and a box office added. By the early 1960s, the building was reconstructed with an assembly hall, a cinema booth, and a stage. In the mid-1970s, the House of Culture burned down during repairs. Probably, the wooden church began to deteriorate again in the early 20th century, and the parishioners decided to build a new stone temple. By 1919, preparations for construction were underway, and bricks were prepared. In November 1920, the bricks were requisitioned by the authorities, as the work was not being carried out, and they were deteriorating in the open air.