The Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra is an Orthodox monastery located in Pochayiv, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It is the largest temple complex and monastery in Western Ukraine and the second largest in the country after the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra.

According to legend, the monastery was founded by monks from the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra who fled from the Tatar invasion in 1240. The first mention of it in chronicles dates back to 1527.

In 1597, the monastery received significant land holdings, estates, and a miraculous icon of the Mother of God as a gift from the local landowner Anna Hoyska. In 1649, a new stone church was built with funds from Fyodor and Eva Domashevsky.

The monastery experienced a flourishing period in the first half of the 17th century due to the activities of the abbot John Zheleza, known as Job of Pochayiv.

On August 2, 1675, a Turkish-Tatar army of fifty thousand under the command of Khan Nureddin approached Pochayiv. The residents of nearby settlements took refuge in the monastery, which was protected only by a wooden palisade. All who could bear arms, including monks and laypeople, stood to defend the monastery.

From 1713 to 1831, the Pochayiv Monastery belonged to the Greek Catholics.

In 1831, after the suppression of the Polish uprising, the monastery was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church by order of Emperor Nicholas I.

In 1915-1916, Austro-Hungarian occupying forces sent 16 out of 18 Orthodox monks to a concentration camp, while two were hidden by locals. A café-chanson was set up in the abbot's house, and a cinema was arranged in the refectory church, where the iconostasis served as a backdrop and the altar served as a screen. After Pochayiv was liberated in 1916 by Russian troops, services were restored, the monks returned, and the relics taken to Zhytomyr were returned.

In 1939, after the arrival of Soviet troops, all agricultural machinery, inventory, livestock, grain reserves, and food were confiscated from the monastery. Children's shelters and the parish school were closed, and life in the monastery ceased, except for worship services. All novices and young monks were expelled, leaving only the elderly.