The Orlov Spiritual Seminary was a secondary educational institution of the Orlov Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy and church servants. It existed from 1788 to 1918.

In 1788, when the Orlov Diocese was established, the Sevsk Spiritual Seminary, opened in 1778, was renamed to Orlov but continued to be located in Sevsk.

The transfer of the seminary to Oryol took place only in 1827. From April 1824 to November 1826, a three-story brick building was constructed in Oryol under the guidance of architect F. I. Petondi, and it was opened on May 8, 1827.

In 1828, a chapel was arranged in the seminary building, and in 1891, the church was moved to a special annex.

In September 1849, a basement floor was built, housing a kitchen, bakery, storerooms, and workshops. In 1850, a garden and vegetable plot were established outside the seminary's fence. In 1851 and 1855, the main building underwent internal reorganization.

In May 1855, the construction of a two-story hospital building with an L-shaped plan was completed.

The complete restructuring of the seminary is associated with Alexander Bogdanov. It was transformed from a three-class to a six-class institution. The buildings were reconstructed, the main building was expanded with an annex in 1872, and in 1874, a major renovation and updating of the seminary church were carried out.

Since 1894, an ancient repository operated in the seminary, where material and written monuments of church antiquity were collected.

In 1918, the seminary was closed. Since 1926, the Orlov Railway Technical School has been located in its building, which remains there to this day.