One of the most popular places in Pereslavl-Zalessky is the "Botik" museum-estate, where Peter I built his "toy" fleet. It is located 2 km from the city along the highway, on top of the Gremyach hill. The name of the hill is associated with a source of clean water that appeared at its foot after a lightning strike.
In the late 17th century, young Tsar Peter chose Lake Pleshcheyevo to create a training model of the future Russian fleet, as at that time Russia only had access to the White Sea. Construction began in 1688 at a shipyard in the city, on the banks of the Trubezh River. Peter, lacking suitable accommodation in Pereslavl, stayed in monasteries. After the Streltsy uprising in the winter of 1691, he and his assistants moved to a more convenient location to launch ships directly onto the lake. On Gremyach hill, a "toy palace," "business yard," forges, kitchens, and a field church were built. The palace had chambers for the tsar, Tsarina Evdokia, and Tsarevich Alexei. Small vessels were built at the "business yard," while larger ones were constructed in the meadow by the lake. There was a dock for finished ships at the shore. By spring 1692, about a hundred vessels had been built, including the 30-gun frigates "Mars" and "Anna." On August 13, the first joint maneuvers of the army and navy took place in Pereslavl. Soon, Lake Pleshcheyevo became cramped for Peter, and in May 1693, he went to Arkhangelsk to build a real fleet, leaving his first ships in Pereslavl. In 1722, three years before his death, Peter returned to Pereslavl and found the fleet in a deplorable state. In anger, he wrote a decree obliging local authorities to preserve the remnants of the ships. The decree was observed for several decades, but in 1783, a fire destroyed most of the city and Peter's ships. Only those that had not been transported to Pereslavl survived, including the bot "Fortuna," allegedly built by Peter himself. These relics became the basis for the museum, opened in 1803.
For the museum, a new building with a portico and spire was erected with funds from the Pereslavl nobility, on the site of Peter's former palace. This building is called the "Bot House." All the exhibits in the museum are unique and date back to the era of young Peter I. Authentic wrought iron anchors from the 17th century are installed in front of the entrance. In the mid-19th century, architect P.S. Campioni erected an obelisk to Peter the Great and the Russian fleet on the estate grounds. Nearby, a dance pavilion called "Rotunda" was built, where visitors can see 18th-century interiors and rent medieval costumes. In the mid-19th century, a "White Palace" was also built on the estate for receiving honored guests, including members of the imperial family. There is also a museum here now, and souvenirs are sold in the "Watchman's Pavilion." If you walk around the "Bot House," you can see the Triumphal Arch. The central exhibit of the museum-estate is the bot "Fortuna," the only surviving ship of Peter I's toy fleet on Lake Pleshcheyevo. This small bot is designed for five pairs of oars. Count D.I. Khvostov dedicated poems to it, praising its role in the creation of the Russian fleet. From the top of Gremyach hill, magnificent views of Lake Pleshcheyevo, monasteries, and coastal villages open up.
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