The museum building is located on the territory of the former Orsk fortress, where salt warehouses, an artillery arsenal, and a company armory once stood. This early 20th-century house features unique architecture and preserved wrought-iron gates. In 2010, as part of the city program "City, Museum of the 21st Century," the museum underwent partial renovations and updated its exhibition.

The museum's exhibition tells about the life of T. G. Shevchenko in serfdom and the beginning of his creative path as an artist and poet. Of particular interest are materials about his time in military exile from 1847 to 1850. Here, one can see a model of the Orsk fortress from the mid-18th century, as well as the interior of a soldiers' barracks and guardhouse from the 19th century.

The museum also features items related to the commemoration of Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko's name in Orsk, along with numerous gifts presented to the city by guests from Ukraine.

The last hall, "The Room," recreates the interior of a peasant house and includes an interactive space. This allows visitors not only to learn about household items but also to feel part of the cultural tradition, envisioning the everyday life of ancestors as a living history of the city. Visitors can examine, touch, and hold the items to imagine how they were used.