The museum occupies two rooms: in the first, visitors can learn about the history of the Holy Pafnuty Borovsky Monastery. Here, old photographs of the monastery, liturgical items found during restoration in the 20th century, and the place of imprisonment of the famous Old Believer figure, Protopope Avvakum, are displayed.

In the second room is the Museum of Russian Icons, showcasing icons from the monastery's treasury.

During the tour of the icons, guides will explain the differences between an icon and a painting, referencing the statements of renowned theologians such as Vladimir Lossky, Leonid Ouspensky, Pavel Evdokimov, and Evgeny Trubetskoy, as well as the works of Russian theologians, restorers, and icon painters from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Visitors will learn about reverse perspective, an ancient technique in icon painting that creates an effect of projection. The lines defining the center of the composition seem to extend out of the icon, concentrating in front of it, which compels the viewer to contemplate the icon and feel its spiritual impact.

Additionally, one can explore three techniques of icon painting. The sankir technique involves applying light tones followed by darkening to create shape. The bezsankir technique starts with dark tones that are then lightened to reveal figures. The combined technique merges both methodologies.

The museum's exhibition is dedicated to the history of church art, the language of icons, the formation of iconographic canons, and many other aspects of this topic.