The museum is located in the historic district of Staraya Russa in an old two-story mansion built in the early 19th century. In the 1880s and 1890s, it was owned by the local merchant N.T. Beklemishevsky.

The museum's exhibition is a unique collection of antique items, photographs, and illustrations. In six halls, the heroes of Dostoevsky and the era in which they lived come to life. The modern museum of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" is distinguished by its use of multimedia content. On the landing of the second floor, there are illustrations by the people's artist of Russia Boris Nepomnyashchy, whose works dedicated to F.M. Dostoevsky are known both in Russia and abroad. The series of graphic drawings by the artist recreates a gallery of images from the novel, conveying its complex and multifaceted world.

The first hall presents materials illuminating the Old Russian period in the writer's life, including a map "In the City of The Brothers Karamazov" indicating the places where Dostoevsky loved to walk and the routes of the novel's heroes. Here, one can also see the case of secret surveillance of the writer in Staraya Russa, the first separate edition of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov", the 1879 issue of the magazine "Russian Herald" where the work was published, copies of manuscripts and letters from that period, newspapers that Dostoevsky read, portraits of local residents, and three mannequins depicting the images of the townspeople of Skotoprigonyevsk.

In the second hall, the interior of Fyodor Karamazov's living room is recreated. In addition to furniture and household items, there are five sculptures of the Karamazov family members reflected in the "mirror" above the fireplace. The subsequent rooms in a similar style reveal the characters and daily life of the novel's heroes, tied to urban life in the second half of the 19th century.