The history of the "Ob River Museum" began in 1982, when the first local history museum was established in Nefteyugansk on a voluntary basis. In 2002, it was transformed and received its current name.

The museum collects and studies collections covering archaeology, decorative and applied arts, painting, the history of technology, numismatics, rare books, sculpture, and photography. The main focus is on studying the nature and history of the Ob River basin, as well as the culture, history, and religion of the people who lived in this area.

The museum's exhibition halls feature four permanent exhibitions. The exhibition "Nature of the Ob River" includes collections that reflect the uniqueness of the region's flora and fauna. The main sections of the exhibition are: "Birds of Prey", "Commercial Birds", "Taiga in Autumn", "Winter Fauna", "Nutrias", "Aquatic Inhabitants", and "Fish of the Ob Basin".

The stationary exhibition "Yugra Heritage" tells about the history and ethnography of the Salym region (modern Nefteyugansk district) from ancient times to the present day. The ethnographic section is dedicated to the traditional culture of the indigenous population, the Salym and Yugra Khanty. It also features photographs taken over 100 years ago in Khanty yurts by participants of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum expedition.

The exhibition "Pages of the History of Navigation on the Ob" introduces the development of water transport, which played an important role in the exploration of northern territories.

The exhibition "Russian Old-timers of Western Siberia" tells about the everyday life of Russian settlers, showcasing items from their daily life, such as samovars and spinning wheels.

For significant dates and events, the museum periodically organizes temporary exhibitions that showcase the diversity of its collection.