The Museum of History opened its doors to visitors on November 30, 1979. Its exhibition features over one and a half thousand exhibits that tell the two-hundred-year history of Kazan Federal University. The main section is dedicated to achievements in science, research, and discoveries, as well as the scientific schools that brought the university worldwide fame. Special attention is given to outstanding scholars, notable alumni, and the university's participation in the socio-political life of the country.

In addition to the main exhibition located in the former university church, the museum has a memorial complex created under the guidance of Doctor of Historical Sciences Professor G. N. Vulfson, as well as a classroom of the law faculty and an assembly hall with interiors from the second half of the 19th century.