The Museum of Islamic Culture is part of the museum-reserve "Kazan Kremlin". It is located on the basement floor of the Kul Sharif Mosque, within the Kazan Kremlin, and has been open since February 21, 2006. It is the only museum in Russia dedicated to the history and culture of Islam among the Turkic-Tatar peoples of the Volga and Ural regions.

The main task of the museum is to conduct scientific, educational, and research work, as well as to collect and study museum items and collections related to the history and culture of Islam and Muslim civilization in the Middle Volga. In April 2014, the museum's exhibition was updated, showcasing the peculiarities of Tatar perceptions of Islam and their contribution to Islamic culture. It presents Islam as a source of education, culture, and written traditions, as well as an important element in the formation of the Tatar nation and its identity.

The museum's exhibition consists of three main sections: "Muslim Civilization of the Volga, from Bulgar to Kazan", "Islam from the Era of Reform to the Present, the Second Half of the 18th Century to the Early 21st Century", and "Book Culture of the Tatar People".

The exhibits are complemented by multimedia elements, such as the interactive "Scrolling Quran", the installation "Kazan Kremlin in the 15th and 21st Centuries", a 3D reconstruction of the architecture of the Kazan Kremlin, an interactive window in the "Enlightener's Office" with views of old Kazan, the projection "Lesson in the Madrasah", where students learn the azan, and the computer installation "Singing Shama'il". The exhibition also features gift editions of the Quran in various languages of the world.