The Kurgan Aviation Museum was established in 1985 as a departmental museum of the Kurgan Combined Aviation Squadron of the USSR Civil Aviation. Its exhibition, dedicated to the history of civil aviation in the Trans-Urals, features eight sections covering the period from 1912 to 2000.

The museum displays 220 exhibits, including documents, photographs, awards, uniforms, the air traffic controller simulator "Profi-2000" and the An-2 aerobatic simulator "Tpm-3 An-2", the M-11 aircraft engine, models of Po-2 and An-2 airplanes, as well as ground radio technical equipment such as a teleprinter, the "Volna, K" radio receiver, and the "Saturn" radar indicator.

The museum's collection of aviation technology includes 15 aircraft, among them the front-line fighter MiG-17, interceptor fighters MiG-19P and MiG-21PF, the training-combat fighter MiG-23UB, bomber fighters Su-7B and Su-17UM-3, the front-line bomber Su-24, the attack aircraft Su-25, the multifunctional fighter Su-27, the multipurpose aircraft An-2, passenger planes An-24B and Yak-40, the transport Il-14T, the training Yak-52, and the helicopter Mi-2.

The permanent exhibition "Sports Aviation of the Trans-Urals" is located in the museum building and includes four sections covering the period from 1924 to 2006. Here you can see 90 exhibits, such as photographs, documents, sports awards, parachuting equipment, models of La-7 and Yak-50 airplanes, reflecting the activities of defense societies and the history of the Kurgan Aviation Sports Club.

The exhibition "Flight Gear and Equipment of Air Force Crews from the 1930s to the 2000s" is housed in the fuselage of the transport aircraft Il-14T and contains 42 exhibits. Among them are the parachute device KPP-U, the emergency radio station "Komar-2M", the portable emergency supply kit NAZ-7M, the rescue boat MLAS-1, the onboard flight recorders MSRP-12 and "Tester", as well as the aircraft tape recorder MS-61.