One of the oldest monasteries in Moscow was located between Pokrovka and Myasnitskaya and existed for over five centuries. The first mention of it in chronicles dates back to 1412. The founders were "Moscow guests," likely merchants from Novgorod, who built the first wooden church here. An important event in the history of the monastery was the visit of Grand Duke Ivan III. Learning that the monastery, already in decline, bore the name of his heavenly patron John Chrysostom, the prince decided to restore it. In 1478, he elevated the status of the Zlatooust abbot in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of Moscow, and in 1479, he laid the foundation for a stone cathedral in honor of Saint John Chrysostom, with an altar dedicated to the Apostle Timothy, on the day of his memory. The church was built by Pskov masters. Since then, the monastery became known as the grand-ducal and repeatedly attracted the attention of Russian monarchs.

In 1706, Tsar Peter I established an archimandrite here. In 1737, Empress Anna Ioannovna donated a significant sum for the restoration of the monastery after a fire. In 1742, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna visited the monastery and allocated funds for the construction of a church in honor of Zacharias and Elizabeth.

Representatives of noble families in Russia considered it an honor to be buried in the Zlatooustov Monastery. Among them were associates of Peter I: Admiral F.M. Apraksin, Vice Admirals I.K. Mukhanov and I.A. Senyavin, General-Field Marshals A.I. Rumyantsev, M.A. Matyushkin, and others. Thanks to their efforts, the army and navy appeared in Russia, which still protect the sovereignty of the country today.

In the 1930s, the monastery was destroyed. The only surviving building, the cell building, was constructed in 1862 (M. Zlatoustininsky Lane, 5, bldg. 1). Today, it houses the clergy's residence of the Church of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka. Since 2011, the Center for the Study of the History and Heritage of the Zlatooustov Monastery has been operating at the church, and the "Zlatooust Readings" are held annually, working to preserve the memory of the ancient monastery in the capital. On May 16, 2019, the Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow issued an order to include the site where the Moscow Zlatooustov Monastery stood from the early 15th century until the 1930s in the register of historical and cultural monuments of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

The monastery, destroyed but living in memory, opens a new chapter in its history.