Mius Cemetery was founded in 1771 during a plague epidemic in Moscow. It got its name from the area of Miusy located nearby. According to legend, the name is connected to the nickname of one of Stepan Razin's accomplices, Miuska, who was executed here in 1673. This cemetery mainly buried residents of the surrounding areas.

The cemetery was also called Dmitrovsky, as the road to Dmitrov passed nearby. The writer Mikhail Zagoskin mentioned it as Sushchevsky in his works about a journey to Maryina Roshcha.

In I.K. Kondratiev's book "Gray Antiquity of Moscow," it is stated that Mius Cemetery was located on an elevation near the old cholera cemetery. T.G. Pavlova's book "Northern Edge of Moscow" mentions that the remnants of this cholera cemetery were preserved until 1910-1912.

In 1823, a stone church in the Empire style was built at the cemetery with funds from Moscow merchant Ivan Kozhevnikov in honor of Faith, Hope, Love, and their mother Sophia. The architect was A. Elkinsky. The church was erected on the site of a burned wooden one. Twelve years later, it was expanded with two chapels funded by ensign A.A. Neronova. In 1922, the church was closed, decapitated, and rebuilt. For a long time, the building housed a production workshop "Meduchposobie," and an entrance to the "Biofarm" factory was made in the altar. Only in 1990 was the church returned to the believers, restored, and consecrated anew.

The cemetery occupies about 6 hectares in the historical center of Moscow. It has been attempted to be demolished or relocated several times, but each time these plans were abandoned.

Many notable people are buried at Mius Cemetery, such as historian Mikhail Kachenovsky, 19th-century revolutionary Perikles Argiroplulo, judge and deputy Nikolai Oshanin, rocket program designer Boris Aksyutin, writer Igor Mozheiko (Kir Bulychev), director Alexander Tatarsky, poetess Nadezhda Lvova, literary scholars Mikhail Gasparov and Alexander Zapadov, bard Alfred Solyanov, guitarist Alexander Frauchi, and writer Galina Shcherbakova.