The history begins in 1895 when members of the German Lutheran community living nearby on Vorontsovo Pole purchased a plot of land. They financed the construction of the hospital in 1903-1904 based on the design by architect Otto von Dessin. Despite its Lutheran affiliation, the hospital accepted patients of all faiths and social classes. About half of the patients were not Lutherans, and most of the doctors were Germans. The hospital had an inpatient department and an outpatient clinic. The inpatient department had 101 permanent beds for men and women, treating all diseases except infectious ones. Beds were provided free of charge for the needy. The outpatient department accepted everyone for a fee of 50 kopecks per consultation. There were departments for surgery, diseases of the nose, throat, and ears, women's health, eye care, skin and venereal diseases, nervous and internal diseases, as well as pediatrics. There was also an X-ray room, which was rare until the 1910s.

After the revolution, the building retained its medical purpose, housing a research and treatment institute for occupational diseases founded by V. Obukh, Lenin's personal physician and the 'head of healthcare in the capital.' Later, the institute was renamed the Research Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. In honor of Obukh, the neighboring Georgian Lane was renamed Obukh Lane in 1954. In the 1950s, the building was occupied by the Brain Institute, which began as the 'Laboratory for the Study of Lenin's Brain' in the Igumnov House on Yakimanka.

Today, the building retains its medical purpose: half is occupied by the Brain Research Department of the State Research Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and the other part is a clinic of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Inside, some interiors have been preserved, such as stained glass windows and wrought iron stair railings. The roof fence was lost during the Soviet years. The original windows have been replaced with white plastic ones that do not match the building's appearance. On the northern wall facing Vorontsovo Pole, traces of a detonated shell are visible.

In 1941, German bombings of strategically important sites, such as Kursky Station, affected the nearby neighborhoods. The traces of the shell on the hospital building are unique; no similar traces have survived in Moscow.