The Kursk Holy Trinity Women's Monastery, one of the oldest Russian monasteries, has over 400 years of history and is a monument of federal architectural significance. The monastery's temple complex represents significant artistic value as a sample of Russian ecclesiastical architecture from the 17th to 19th centuries, reflecting the development of architectural styles over three centuries.

Documentary evidence about the time of the monastery's foundation has not survived. However, it is known that in 1623, the Kursk Holy Trinity Maiden Monastery already existed. The monastery is also mentioned in S. Larionov's book about ancient buildings in Kursk, published in Moscow in 1786. The author, referring to the land registry books of 1628 and 1631, reports: "...in the settlement behind the large old fortress, there is the Maiden Monastery, and in the monastery, there is the church of the Life-Giving Trinity with an altar in memory of the renewal of the church of the Resurrection of Christ, wooden, with 21 cells, 35 nuns; and around the monastery, there are unplowed craftsmen and a settlement of poor people, and five cells for the needy; in the small fortress, there is a siege yard that the abbess Sunduleya bought with the sisters for refuge during the siege times from the Cossack Afanasy Sopina...".

In 1680, the monastery was destroyed by fire, and in 1681, Abbess Pelagia built a wooden church in honor of the Holy Trinity with an altar in memory of the renewal of the church of the Resurrection of Christ. In 1695, she laid the foundation for a two-story stone church, which has survived to this day.

In 1911, under Abbess Emilia, the altar in the northern chapel of the Trinity Church was consecrated in honor of St. Joasaph of Belgorod and St. Seraphim of Sarov. In the same year, thanks to donations from Kursk residents M.V. and P.T. Zubkov, a new three-story building was constructed, which housed a school for 100 children. By that time, there were 635 residents in the monastery, 82 of whom were serving in the Alexander Nevsky skete, which had belonged to the monastery since 1883. The skete was established near the village of Shuklinka, 7 versts from Kursk, on land donated by merchant Dmitry Sozonov. Through the efforts of Abbess Sophia, in 1890, a stone cold church with a bell tower was built here in memory of the salvation of Emperor Alexander III and his family from danger during a train crash on October 17, 1888, at the Borok station. The church was consecrated in the name of the heavenly patrons of the royal family: St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky and St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Mary Magdalene. In 1898, a monastic almshouse was built in the skete in memory of the coronation of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna. In 1903, the construction of a warm church was completed, consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the heavenly patron of Tsar Nicholas. In 1909, a well was arranged thanks to donations, especially from Eupraxia Feodorovna Reutova, whose name was mentioned in the synodic of the monastery skete. Now life in the skete is being revived, services are held in the wooden church, and the stone temple is being restored.

In 1923, the Bolsheviks closed the monastery, setting fire to the monastic cells on the feast of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos.

From 1923 to 1925, the monastery housed the Museum of Arts and the Historical and Archaeological Crafts Museum.

In 1925, the museums merged into the Provincial Local History Museum.

From the late 1920s, the Provincial Forced Labor Camp "ZAKT 'Volya'" was located in the monastery. 260 prisoners were housed in the cells, workshops were set up, and a library for prisoners with a reading room was established.

Not earlier than 1936, the eastern wall with towers was lost along 2nd Sergievskaya Street (now Volodarsky Street).

In the 1950s, the dome over the holy gates was dismantled, and the church building was restored as a historical monument of republican significance.

In 1930 and 1984, the territory of the monastery housed the archive of the October Revolution, later renamed GAKO, and since 1984, the Scientific and Methodological Center of the Department of Culture and a library for the blind.

For 70 years, the ancient monastery remained in desolation. In 1993, part of the temple complex was returned to the Church and transferred to the Kursk-Belgorod Diocese, and in 1994, the abbey and sisterhood buildings were returned to the monastery. The church building housed classrooms and the church of the Kursk Spiritual Seminary. With the participation of seminarians, repairs were carried out and an iconostasis was arranged. On August 26, 1993, the archbishop's consecration of the church took place, and services resumed in it.