The Lukoyanov Local History Museum was founded in 1958 in honor of the 40th anniversary of the VLKSM. It is currently located in an old mansion from 1912, which previously belonged to the Lavrov-Blokhin family. The museum's exhibits occupy five halls and corridors with a total area of 220 square meters, and its collection includes 4,600 items.

In the hall dedicated to the history of the settlement of the Lukoyanov region, one can see many stone tools found in this area, such as axes, scrapers, and arrowheads. The first settlers of this land were the Mordvin tribes of Erzia and Moksha, as confirmed by archaeological excavations. In 1926, the Peremchalkovsky burial ground and the Fedorovskoye settlement, dating back to the 9th-10th centuries, were discovered. Exhibits from these excavations are also presented in the museum.

Separate halls are dedicated to peasant life and events of the Great Patriotic War in Lukoyanovo. The hall "Our Famous Countrymen" tells about outstanding individuals who achieved success in science and technology, such as N.P. Sinitsin, N.N. Blokhin, A.A. Petrovsky, V.I. Tikhonov, and others. Special attention is given to documents confirming that the land of Lukoyanovo is the homeland of the ancestors of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus.

The museum also highlights the stay of A.S. Pushkin and his relatives in the Lukoyanovo district. One corner features an exhibition dedicated to officials. Works by Lukoyanovo graphic artist A.V. Sveshnikov and photographs of the city taken by V.G. Korolenko are presented. The museum collects materials about the honorary residents of Lukoyanovo who have made significant contributions to the development of the city.