The complex of buildings of the former state wine warehouse, now known as a distillery, was created by architects N. G. Faleev and V. A. Velichkin. It is located in the Lefortovo area on the banks of the Yauza River and represents a unique example of industrial architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
In the mid-19th century, small industrial enterprises began to appear in Lefortovo, such as textile, dyeing, and food industries. In 1851, customs warehouses were built here, which later became part of "Moscow State Wine Warehouse No. 1." This warehouse emerged after Finance Minister S. Yu. Witte introduced a state monopoly on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in 1896. Distilleries began to be built across the country, about 150 in total, made of red brick in a unified architectural style.
In 1901, the wine monopoly extended to Moscow, and on June 24 of the same year, "Moscow State Wine Warehouse No. 1" was opened and consecrated, including a complex of buildings. The oldest of the surviving structures date back to 1851-1876, while the main production buildings were constructed from 1891 according to the designs of Faleev and Velichkin. The main warehouse building has an asymmetric volumetric-spatial solution and a complex configuration. It has varying heights, with the main entrance in the three-story part, emphasized by a pediment. The facades are decorated with brick decor framing windows of various shapes and sizes with white frames. The pediments are topped with decorative spires, and the window in the central part is covered with a grille.
Construction was completed in 1917. During the Soviet era, the factory was expanded, mainly with storage facilities that do not have architectural value. Despite renovations, the complex has retained its historical appearance.
The internal layout of the buildings changed. Warehouse No. 1 was the largest in Moscow, producing over two million buckets of wine per year. In 1914, production decreased due to the introduction of Prohibition, but the factory continued to produce vodka for the army and hospitals, as well as wine for export. Some capacities were switched to the production of medicines, and several buildings housed a hospital.
During the Great Patriotic War, Molotov cocktails and dry alcohol were produced here. In 1941, a bomb destroyed the main building, which was restored by 1950.
The factory has undergone several renovations. In the 1980s-1990s, it was modernized, decorated in a Soviet style, and mosaics depicting Moscow landmarks and historical events appeared on the walls of the central staircase.
In January 1987, the factory was renamed "Kristall," and it was here that the vodka "Stolichnaya" was created in 1953. In 2013, the factory moved to the Moscow region, and in 2014, residential and commercial properties appeared in the former buildings. The only reminder of the former production is the National Museum of Russian Vodka, located in one of the oldest buildings of the complex.
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