The history of the Kazan Women's Monastery begins in the Chebarkul Fortress, where a women's monastic community formed in the late 1830s. After some time, part of the sisters moved to Chelyabinsk, founding the Odigitriyevsky Monastery there. The remaining nuns relocated to Troitsk, where they established an independent community that later became the Kazan Monastery. They chose a hill on the western outskirts of the city for its construction.

The monastery was officially founded in 1851. The Troitsk women's community received the status of a "non-staff" monastery with permission to maintain as many nuns as the monastery could support without state assistance. By the end of the 19th century, the monastery had become one of the wealthiest in the Orenburg diocese and a center of enlightenment. In 1897, one of the first schools in Troitsk, the Nikolayevskaya School for Girls, opened at the monastery. There was also a hospital, a pharmacy, a sewing workshop, and an orphanage. The monastery was known for its icon-painting workshop, whose icons were used to reward distinguished Cossacks.

After the revolution, the Kazan Women's Monastery ceased to exist. An archive document from Troitsk dated 1927 indicates that all monastic buildings were transferred for cultural and educational purposes by order of the central government. Subsequently, the monastery was almost completely destroyed, except for the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, which has survived to this day. The monastery was reopened in 1996, and since then, spiritual life has begun to revive.

Today, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, surrounded by modern buildings including a neighboring aviation technical college, remains the tallest structure in the city and is clearly visible even from distant areas.