The Kazan Cathedral, a one-story brick church with a bell tower in the style of Russian Baroque, was built from 1802 to 1820 next to the previous wooden church. The funds for construction were provided by factory owners Pyotr Evdokimovich Demidov and later Ivan Akimovich Maltsev. The church was consecrated in 1820.

In 1761, a wooden church in honor of the prophet Elijah with an altar dedicated to the prophet Elisha was consecrated in Lyudinovo. In 1802, on its foundation (according to other sources, slightly to the north), the construction of a new stone three-altar church with a stone bell tower began. The central altar was consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the northern in honor of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, and the southern in honor of the prophet Elijah. The church was consecrated in 1820.

In the 1850s, the church was expanded and rebuilt in the classical style of the 19th century. There was a parish library and a "Society of Lovers of Church Singing" at the Kazan Cathedral. In the early 20th century, two choirs, adult and children's, operated at the church.

On March 12, 1929, the issue of closing the Kazan church was discussed at a meeting of the Lyudinovo City Council at the request of workers from the Pesochensky Foundry and Faience Factory. On March 21, 1929, the newspaper of the Lyudinovo factory "The Roar of Machines" reported that the resolution to close the church and transfer it for the Palace of Culture was adopted with great enthusiasm. On March 29, the presidium of the Bezhetsk Executive Committee supported the petition for the church's closure, arguing that there was a lack of cultural and educational institutions in the settlement.

The faithful of Lyudinovo resisted the closure for a long time, organizing round-the-clock duty in the church. The local police were hesitant to storm the church, so soldiers from the Latvian Riflemen were invited. On February 14, 1930, during the Feast of the Meeting of the Lord, the church was occupied by the military. The closure was accompanied by sacrilegious acts; crosses and bells were thrown down, and the painting "The Last Supper" was torn and burned.

The church was used as a warehouse, and its valuables were confiscated. In 1933, a cinema was arranged in the refectory part of the church. During the German occupation, the church was open, but in 1943, the eastern part burned down. After the city was liberated, the church remained in neglect.

In 1945, a cinema was again established in the surviving western part, and as a result of renovations in 1955-1957 and 1964-1967, the church was significantly altered. It housed a music school, library, cultural department, and a café-bar.

In 1993, a petition for the return of the church began. On June 16, 1999, the church was transferred to the Kaluga Diocese, and on July 21, Bishop Georgy (Gryaznov) of Lyudinovo performed the first Divine Liturgy.

Currently, the church has a library, Sunday school, charitable refectory, and the parish sisterhood provides assistance to the elderly and people with disabilities.