Today, few are aware of the events of the post-smuta period, and the mention of the Assumption Church in the Cossack settlement raises confusion. The history of this name goes back to the past when the Cossacks supported the election of the Romanovs and remained in Moscow. A separate settlement was allocated for their residence near the streltsy. At that time, it was a wasteland, but soon a residential area grew here. The Cossacks first built a church, consecrating it in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Their presence in Moscow was officially formalized, and there was a Cossack order.

After the death of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich and with the rise to power of his son Alexei Mikhailovich, much changed. The Cossack order was abolished, but the Cossacks remained in the capital and over time merged with the streltsy. The church continued to exist and was rebuilt into a stone single-domed church. Construction began in 1695 and was completed in 1697 with the funds of the nobleman Poltev. In the following centuries, the church was updated: two new parishes, a refectory, and a bell tower were added, all united under one roof, but the ancient part has survived to this day.

Throughout its history, the church has experienced many events, both good and difficult. In 1812, it was devastated, and the interior was destroyed. After Napoleon's departure, the church was restored by the elder Nikita Karpyshev. However, a hundred years later, with the arrival of the Bolsheviks, it faced threats again. In 1922, the church was closed and repurposed as a printing house, but it survived and was revived in 1990, becoming active once more.