The Alexander Nevsky Church in Kirov, Kaluga Oblast, serving as the cathedral of the Pesochensky Diocese, was built in 1890. In 1883, the society of craftsmen from the faience factory and the clergy of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church requested the construction of a second stone church in the village of Pesochensky Zavod. After receiving permission, on May 13, 1883, the project was approved by the construction department of the Kaluga provincial government. Construction began with the funds raised.

The clergy of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, industrialist S. I. Maltsev, and other citizens allocated 20,000 rubles for the construction, which was completed in 1890. The central altar was consecrated in honor of Saint Alexander Nevsky, while the side chapels were dedicated to Sergius of Radonezh and Athanasius of Alexandria.

From 1890 to 1896, the church was affiliated with the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church. In 1896, a priest and a psalmist were appointed to the new church. In 1891, a church-parish school was opened, for which a stone building was constructed in 1907. From 1909 to 1911, the priest was Ioann Nikolsky, and the singing teacher was Mikhail Protopopov. The church warden from 1907 was Alexei Lapushkin.

The parish consisted of craftsmen from the faience factory and peasants from the village of Barsuki, totaling 1,655 people. In 1901, a stone fence was built around the church. After the revolution, the church's metric books were confiscated. In 1929, the church was closed and converted into a club, altering its architectural appearance.

During the perestroika years, believers began to petition for the return of the building. In 1982, it was decided to return the church to the faithful. In 1990, restoration began under the guidance of priest Ioann Starosta. From 1991 to 1994, urgent works were carried out, including the installation of a new iconostasis. In 1994, Archbishop Kliment consecrated the central altar.

From 1998 to 2005, the rector was protodeacon Alexander Priskoka, and from 2006 to 2010, priest Evgeny Anokhin. In 2008, the church dome was covered with titanium nitride plates. In 2005, a new iconostasis was opened, funded by benefactors.

In 2010, priest Alexander Ryabov became the rector, and restoration of the winter part of the church began. In 2010, a chapel in honor of Sergius of Radonezh was consecrated. From 2011, the dome painting began, and the parish switched to individual heating. Currently, a Sunday school operates at the cathedral, and social services are being conducted.