The Cathedral of the Annunciation in Borovsk is the oldest stone church in the city. The main building was erected in 1715, and in 1819 a refectory with rounded corners and a multi-tiered bell tower with a spire in the classical style was added. Today, the cathedral has the status of the cathedral of the Kaluga-Borovsk diocese.

Originally, the Annunciation Cathedral was wooden and located on the territory of a settlement surrounded by a wooden fortress, where the district administration building now stands. When the city center moved to the trading square, likely after a fire, the cathedral was rebuilt in stone at a new location, where it still stands today.

The exact date of construction of the ancient part of the cathedral, including the altar and the square base, remains unknown, but it is believed to have occurred in the 17th or 18th century, although no written evidence has yet been found.

In 1812, during the war, the cathedral, like many other Russian sanctuaries, suffered devastation. The restoration of the church was undertaken by priest Simeon Zverev, who, in 1819, added the refectory with chapels and the bell tower. The southern chapel, consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas, was consecrated by Bishop Filaret Gumilevsky in 1819, and the northern chapel, in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, by Bishop Gabriel in 1829. Thus, the modern appearance of the cathedral was acquired by 1819.

During the Soviet era, the cathedral was not closed or subjected to devastation, although in 1922 church valuables were confiscated. This was a difficult time for the Church and the people. In the church chronicle of the cathedral for 1918, it is noted: "Despondency, sorrow among all. Mortality is higher than usual. The Law of God is not taught in schools. The Church watches over the pastoral word."

In 1919: "Throughout the year, a disease raged, many people died of typhus. Prices for essential goods rose. Parishioners gathered firewood for heating the church. One stove was heated, the temperature was two degrees."

Ten years later, it was recorded: "The Church has experienced severe devastation and disgrace. Schismatics appeared: 'renovationists', 'living church'. In 1937, the cathedral's rector, Archimandrite Grigory Karpenko, was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in camps.

During the Great Patriotic War, the cathedral also suffered: a shell hit the bell tower but did not explode.

The cathedral serves as the see of the diocesan archbishop, whose title includes the name of the city of Borovsk.

Since May 14, 1997, the rector of the cathedral has been Archpriest Dmitry Orlov, and the second priest is Priest Evgeny Kuznetsov.