In June 1930, Metropolitan Evlogy (Georgievsky) along with subordinate parishes and clergy decided to leave the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. However, six laypeople, including five members of the Brotherhood in the name of Saint Photios, did not support this decision. They reported their disagreement to Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky), who blessed Metropolitan Eleutherius (Bogoyavlensky) of Lithuania and Vilnius to provide spiritual care for those who remained loyal to the Russian Orthodox Church. Later, priests and Bishop Benjamin (Fedchenkoff) joined them.

On January 3, 1931, the Administration of Parishes in Western Europe, led by Metropolitan Evlogy, received an order from the Moscow Patriarchate to transfer the Brotherhood of Saint Photios to its jurisdiction. On January 6, a decree was issued prohibiting Metropolitan Evlogy and appointing Metropolitan Eleutherius as Exarch of Western Europe.

During Great Lent in 1931, Metropolitan Eleutherius visited Paris several times and served in a private apartment. In March of the same year, Bishop Benjamin (Fedchenkoff) held an episcopal assembly with a small group of emigrants who remained loyal to the Moscow Patriarchate. A decision was made to establish a parish, and they rented a space at 5 rue Pétel, which had previously served as the basement of a bicycle factory. The church was located in the basement.

According to the charter of the Brotherhood of Saint Photios, the church received a dual name: in honor of the Three Universal Teachers and Saints (Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom) and Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk, symbolizing loyalty to Universal Orthodoxy and the Russian Orthodox Church. Two altars were consecrated in the church. The upper room was arranged as a refectory and monastic cells. Bishop Benjamin was the inspiration for this initiative. The first service took place on Easter 1931.

Since 1931, a publishing house began operating at the church, releasing spiritual and educational literature. Thanks to the efforts of Bishop Benjamin and the parishioners, the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, taken from Moscow by Napoleon's army in 1812, was acquired.

The church received the status of a Patriarchal Metochion and became known as the Three Saints Metochion. A printing house was established on the upper floor in the name of Father John of Kronstadt. In 1933, Leonid Uspensky and Georgy Krug painted the first iconostasis of the parish at the request of Archimandrite Athanasius (Nechaev).

In March 1934, Bishop Benjamin left for the USA, and the new rector became Archimandrite Athanasius (Nechaev), who passed away in 1943. From 1946, the metochion became the cathedral of the Western European Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1953, at the initiative of Bishop Nicholas (Yeremin), Orthodox theological and pastoral courses were opened. Students participated in services and lived at the church.

In 1958, the building housing the church was demolished. The landowners agreed to place the church in a new building, provided its exterior would not resemble a sacred structure. Architect Mark Sala designed the church as a "commercial space." The pastoral courses and monastic community were moved to Vilmausson.

The interior of the church, decorated in the Russian style, was adorned with frescoes and icons by Leonid Uspensky and monk Grigory (Krug). The work was completed in 1960.

In February 1981, the metochion celebrated its 50th anniversary. The festivities were led by Metropolitan Philaret (Varkhomeev) of Minsk and Belarus.

At the end of 2003 and the beginning of 2004, Archbishop Innocent (Vasiliev) conducted a major renovation of the Three Saints Church.

On February 12, 2016, a concert of spiritual music dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the founding of the Three Saints Metochion took place in the Grand Hall of the City Hall of the 15th arrondissement of Paris.