The village of Koshcheyevo was founded in 1662. The first settlers lived in earthen dwellings called "yamki," which gave the village its original name Yamki, later changed to Koshcheevka. In the 19th century, they actively produced bows for horse-drawn carts, which were in demand throughout Russia, from Poltava and Nizhny Novgorod to Tomsk and Tobolsk.

In the mid-19th century, Koshcheeva sloboda was known as the "state sloboda by the wells." In the center of the sloboda, the Church of Peter and Paul was built, which had more than two and a half thousand parishioners at the beginning of the 20th century. Before the war, the Peter and Paul Church in Koshcheyevo was closed and destroyed during the war years.

Currently, a new church in Koshcheyevo has not yet been built, although there are 9 settlements in the Koshcheyevo community with about two thousand residents. An old building of the former church school is used for Orthodox services, which was consecrated as the Peter and Paul Church in 2008.