The village of Novodonetskaya was founded in 1833 on the site of a peasant settlement, where 240 people lived. The first church of the village, built in the first half of the 19th century, burned down. In 1856, a wooden Holy Trinity church was built on a stone foundation in its place. The dimensions of the church were: length including the bell tower, 23.1 meters, width, 12.8 meters, height to the cornice, 6.4 meters. Over time, the building became very dilapidated, which required the construction of a new church. In 1911, a stone church was laid, and its construction was completed in 1914. The solemn consecration of the new church took place on May 31, 1914, conducted by Bishop John of Yeisk.

Documents regarding the project and author of the Holy Trinity church in Novodonetskaya have not been found in the archives. It is assumed that the author of the project was Alexander Petrovich Kosiakin, who built similar churches in other villages. In 1916, the number of parishioners was 5,540 people, of which 4,170 were Cossacks with families. The church housed church documents, books and inventories, as well as metric books since 1830, except for those lost in the fire. The church-parish school was located in a building owned by the church, and 100 rubles were allocated annually for its maintenance.

By 1916, the Novodonetskaya Holy Trinity church was not only an important economic entity but also played a key role in the education and spiritual life of the village. Since 1872, it belonged to the sixth deanery district of the Caucasian and later Stavropol diocese. The church staff included two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists. The church was allocated 264 desyatinas of land managed by the community, and 165 desyatinas were used by the clergy. In 1916, 37 boys and 17 girls studied in the school, with Antonina Ivanovna Svitlova as the teacher.

In addition to the church-parish school, the parish had a two-class ministerial school, a one-class women's school, an eastern one-class mixed school, and a school at the market near the "Bursak" station. Services in the church continued until 1933, after which it was converted into a club. During the Great Patriotic War, the church reopened its doors on November 15, 1942, to support the spirituality of the people. In 1964, the church was closed, and in 1975 it was included in the list of architectural monuments of local significance. In 1978, the building was transferred to the regional department of culture and was used as a warehouse for chemical fertilizers, leading to significant destruction.

In 1990, the parish of the Holy Trinity church was established, with Protopriest Andrian as the rector. Windows were installed in the half-destroyed church, and services were held in its front part. From 1991 to 2000, Priest Sergey Kuryanov was the rector, who began the restoration of the domes. Since 2001, Priest Boris Kekejev became the rector, who initiated a complete restoration of the church. In the early 2000s, a charitable foundation "Revival" was created for the restoration of the church, led by Alexey Nikolaevich Tkachev. Restoration projects began to be implemented in 2004 under the guidance of the new rector, Priest Trofim Shcherbakov.

Since July 1, 2007, Priest Alexander Efimenko has been the rector. In 2007-2008, church utensils were purchased, and icons of the heavenly patrons of the main benefactor of the church, Governor of Krasnodar Krai Alexander Nikolaevich Tkachev, were painted. In 2008-2009, the church was painted in the Neo-Byzantine style, based on the project of the New Athos church from Abkhazia. The painting was done by artists from Russia and other countries, including France and Israel, using themes from the New Testament. In 2008-2010, a prosfornia, a water blessing chapel, and a building for the Sunday school were constructed.

Currently, the Holy Trinity church of Novodonetskaya belongs to the Ust-Labinsk and Vyselkovsky deanery of the Yekaterinodar and Kuban diocese. A second priest, Father Alexey Ovdiенко, serves in the church. The choir "Ancient Rus" under the direction of Yulia Nazarenko performs hymns. The church's activities include catechetical-missionary, social-educational, cultural-creative, and sports-tourist directions.