The Lazarus Gorbachov Church is located on the outskirts of the city, in an area previously known as Upper Posad, which for a long time was the largest Christian center in the region. According to the chronicle, in 1775 a decree was issued to allocate land on Gorbatoye Field for a new cemetery and the construction of a church. Subsequently, the cemetery and church became known as Gorbachovskaya.

In 1777, a warm church was built, with the right chapel consecrated in the name of Saint Demetrius of Thessalonica. Initially, the new cemetery church was called the Dimitrievskaya. The left chapel was consecrated in the name of the Great Martyr Theodore Stratilates. In 1790, the elder Matvey Fyodorovich Kolesov appealed to the Vologda Archbishop Irinei with a request to consecrate the church in the name of Saint Lazarus the Righteous on May 1, 1790. From that moment, the church officially became known as the Lazarus Church. It was a stone, one-story building connected to the warm church and bell tower. The cold church had one dome, while the warm one was adorned with two small domes. The wooden domes were covered with sheet iron and topped with forged crosses. A stone octagonal bell tower was added to the church, featuring eight spans, topped with a stone tent and a small dome with a forged "eight-pointed" cross. Later, tents were added to the base of the bell tower on the northern and southern sides, where merchants of the first guild, the Kolesovs, some of the wealthiest residents of Vologda in the 18th century, were buried. By the mid-19th century, the church had fallen into disrepair, and there was a need for a new temple. The organization of the reconstruction was undertaken by priest Father Ioann Nikolaevich Anuryev starting in 1865.

During the establishment of Soviet power, the Lazarus Church at the Gorbachov Cemetery was one of the few Vologda churches that avoided closure. However, in 1937, the church was closed by a city council decree, but already in 1938, yielding to the requests of the faithful, the city council allowed the reopening of the Lazarus Church, which established a united renovationist community. However, this community soon disbanded, and a new Christian community at the Lazarus Church was founded only in 1945. The church was reopened in the spring of 1946, and its consecration was conducted by Bishop Iustin of Vologda and Cherepovets. In the 1990s, under the leadership of Father Vladimir Iosifovich Zavalnyuk, a major renovation of the church was carried out: the roof was repaired and painted, the crosses were reinforced, the wooden floor was replaced with tiles, the iconostasis was updated, and the construction of a church house began.

The Lazarus Gorbachov Church is renowned for its Christian monuments and relics, which are especially revered by the faithful and surpass many other churches in the city, including the Nativity of the Mother of God Cathedral. In addition to Christian relics, the church is associated with the memory of significant city relics, such as the chapel of Beloriztsev, which has been affiliated with the Lazarus Gorbachov Church since the 19th century.