From the territory where the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is located, a picturesque view of Kaluga opens up. It is no wonder that this landscape reminded N.V. Gogol of Constantinople. He often visited these places, popular among Kaluga residents for country walks, as well as the Olonkino garden near the village of Romodanovo.

The village of Romodanovo, an ancient estate of the Romodanov princes, descendants of the Starodub princes. One of its owners was the famous prince-kesarevich Fyodor Yuryevich Romodanovsky. Since the mid-1680s, he was part of Peter I's circle of associates, participating in military games and exercises of the young tsar. From 1686, Fyodor Yuryevich headed the Preobrazhensky Order, which investigated state and political crimes. Romodanovsky enjoyed the full trust of Peter I and held significant power. During Peter I's absences in Moscow in 1695, 1696, and 1697, 1698, he effectively governed the country. By the end of the 18th century, the Romodanov family owned the lands of Gamayunshchina with 17 villages, the center of which was the village of Romodanovo.

In 1691, Prince Fyodor Yuryevich built a church in the village of Romodanovo in honor of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, having begun construction in 1680. The main altar of the church was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin, and a second, in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul.

In 1879, a zemstvo school opened at the church, built by N.N. Konshin, the son of a textile factory owner from Serpukhov.

The church was closed in 1935, and at different times, its building housed a bakery, a machine-tractor station, and a wool processing plant. In 1960, the church was recognized as a monument of architecture and urban planning of republican significance. In the early 1960s, it burned out from the inside, leading to the complete loss of wall paintings. Before the church was handed over to the diocese, it housed the auto repair shops of Rosrestavratsiya. In September 1990, the church was transferred to the Kaluga diocese in a dilapidated state.

In May 1991, the church and the adjacent territory were cleared of debris, and restoration work began soon in the main altar, and in September 1991, throughout the building. In 1995, a Sunday school was opened.