The Church of the Protection of the Holy Virgin, also known as Hl. Maria Schutz Kirche, is an Orthodox church in Regensburg and is under the jurisdiction of the Berlin and German Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.

The Orthodox parish in Regensburg was founded in the summer of 1945, shortly after the end of World War II. Archpriest Vasily Lebedev appealed to Metropolitan Seraphim in June 1945 with a request to establish a parish for Russian repatriates and include it in the German Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Before having its own church, Orthodox services were held in the Lutheran Church of St. Oswald.

The Russian Orthodox community in Regensburg was actively involved in charity, as well as social and cultural-educational activities. Among the community members were Ekaterina Petrovna, the daughter-in-law of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, who lived in Regensburg from 1944 to 1948, and her sister Anna Faltz-Fein.

In 1946, this community was the only one in Bavaria and the Oberpfalz region, so Orthodox believers from distant places traveled to Regensburg for services. The parish operated a kindergarten, elementary school, cafeteria for 200 people, medical clinic, and library.

In October 1946, the Orthodox community appealed to the authorities of Regensburg for the provision of a small cemetery chapel building in the city park on Prüfeningerstraße. The authorities granted the request on the condition that the community would renovate the building and take care of it. The chapel, built in 1836 on donations from the residents of Regensburg, had fallen into disrepair after the war. With the support of the authorities, financial assistance from the family of Thurn und Taxis, and the efforts of the parishioners, the building was restored, and services began in the chapel in early 1947.