Since the 1990s, Russian tourists have begun to arrive in large numbers for vacations in Thailand. The city of Pattaya, known as the most "Russian" resort in Thailand, became particularly popular among tourists from the former USSR.

In the mid-2000s, Father Oleg (Cherepanin), a representative of the Russian Orthodox Church in Thailand, began conducting services in Pattaya for the numerous Russian-speaking tourists. In July 2008, a decision was made to establish an Orthodox parish in Pattaya in the name of all saints, and to include it in the Orthodox Church of Thailand under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. By November 2009, a church was built in the northern part of Pattaya.

With the strengthening of Orthodoxy in Pattaya, it was decided to build another Orthodox church. In August 2011, the Orthodox Church in Thailand received a plot of land as a gift for the construction of a second church in the southern part of the city, in the Jomtien area. It was planned that this would be a low church in traditional Russian style with five gilded domes. The building's basement was designed to include living quarters for the priest.

The construction of the second Orthodox church in Pattaya was also intended to change the image of the resort, which was planned to be transformed into a center for family and eco-tourism over the next 10 years.

On January 6, 2014, the church opened its doors for worshippers for the first time. Starting in March 2014, an Orthodox cinema began operating at the Protection Church.

On December 12, 2017, Bishop Antoniy (Sevryuk) of Zvenigorod, along with Archimandrite Oleg (Cherepanin) and the parish priest Father Ioann Moroz, consecrated a marble pilgrimage cross installed near the church in honor of the 15th anniversary of the presence of the Russian Orthodox Church in Thailand.