Klyuch, an ancient Russian village, emerged in the first half of the 18th century. Until 1928, it was part of the Nizhnedvitsky district of the Voronezh province. The first settlers arrived from Yefremov and Tula, and by 1730 their number reached 500. At that time, a wooden church was built in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The dedication of the church was associated with the appearance of the miraculous icon at a well, which still exists in the village. According to legend, this icon is now located in the church of the Old Oskol Streltsy settlement.

The icon was moved from the village of Klyuch at the initiative of the archpriest from the Streltsy church. He pointed out the inconveniences related to the small capacity of the wooden church and proposed to build a stone temple. Until its completion, the icon was temporarily transferred to the Streltsy church. The construction of the stone church in Klyuch began in 1794 and was completed in 1799, after which the village came under the jurisdiction of the Voronezh Diocese. The residents of Klyuch requested the return of the icon but were only granted permission to create a copy, which is still venerated today.

Archbishop Dmitry (Sambikin) mentioned in documents from the 1880s that the stone church with a bell tower was built in 1799, although other sources state it was in 1803. The parish had 1,220 people, and nearby was the village of Bystrina. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the Kazan church had two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists on staff. The church owned 39 desyatinas of land, and the parish had 244 households with 2,414 residents.

The Kazan temple was one of four in the area where services were interrupted only for short periods during the Soviet era. It was officially closed on August 5, 1940, but services resumed during the occupation. The interior frescoes were created during the Soviet period. Today, the church is recognized as a monument of history and culture of the peoples of Russia and a cultural heritage site.