The Volsk Theological School, founded in 1847, did not have its own church for over fifty years. In 1903, thanks to the efforts of Bishops Ioann Kratiriv and Saint Germogen Dolganev, a new building for the school was constructed.

On October 5, 1903, His Grace Germogen, along with participants of the congress of representatives of the Volsk District School Council of the Saratov Diocese, consecrated the house church in the school in honor of the Three Universal Saints: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom. A significant donation for the decoration of this church was made by the rector of the Cathedral, Archpriest Matfei Vasilyev. The first rector of the Three Hierarchs Church was Priest Pavel Polikarpovich Orlov.

In 1907, due to revolutionary unrest, the 1st and 2nd grades of the Saratov Theological Seminary were transferred to the Volsk Theological School, where graduates of the 4th grade of the Theological School could enroll. At that time, the supervisor of the school was Hieromonk Boris Sokolov, who became the rector of the Saratov Theological Seminary in 1914. The last supervisor of the school, Archimandrite Gavriil Abalymov, upheld its new status with dignity.