By the beginning of the 20th century, the desert had become a well-equipped monastery with three churches. The third church, made of stone and cold, with one altar in honor of the Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, was located on the third floor of a residential building. Its construction was financed by landowner Varvara Alexeyevna Lyubavskaya, and after her death, the church was completed with donations and consecrated in 1903.

In 1918-1919, the monastery was closed, and its property was transferred to the management of the WatSobes and land departments. The monastery was ravaged, and the monks were expelled. The Spaso-Transfiguration Pronsky Monastery disappeared from the list of monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church for 95 years. In the 1940s, a children's home was placed in its buildings, followed by the Pronsk Specialized Correctional Boarding School, which existed since the end of World War II. The placement of orphaned children helped preserve the monastery's buildings from complete destruction, although not in their original form. Two churches of the monastery did not survive: a house was built on the site of the Trinity Church, and the Holy Spirit Church on the third floor of the brotherhood building was demolished. The Three Saints Church lost its drum and dome and was converted into living quarters. After the closure of the boarding school, a children's educational center, "Pronyushka," was established in the monastery's premises.

In February 2011, with the blessing of the ruling archbishop of the Ryazan Diocese, the revival of the ancient Pronsk shrine began. With the revival of life in the monastery, it received the status of an Archiepiscopal Metochion. In October 2013, by the decision of the Holy Synod, the Spaso-Transfiguration Pronsky Monastery was reopened.