The educational institution was founded in 1851 by Bishop Nikolai Dobrokhotov when the spiritual school was moved from Lebedyan. It was located in a merchant's house on the site of the former Baikov estate and consisted of three divisions: primary, secondary, and higher, each providing two years of education. Children aged 7-8 were admitted to the primary division. The house church operated at the school until 1895.

In 1895, the old school building was closed. By 1903, a new building was constructed with funds from the Tambov diocese, designed by architect A. G. Svirchevsky. In 1904, the house church reopened in this building, and the school was renamed Seraphimovskoye.

In 1914, a hospital was established in the school building, which was visited by Emperor Nicholas II. Students of the Seraphimov Spiritual School studied in the building of the 1st Tambov School during the first shift, while the pupils of the 1st School attended in the second.

In October 1918, the school was closed, and its building was transferred to public education. It became home to secondary school No. 6. During the war, a military evacuation hospital was located in this building.

Currently, this building houses the secular Lyceum No. 6 of the MOUs No. 6 at TTGU.