The stone church in honor of the holy equal-to-the-apostles Constantine and Helena was built in 1905 thanks to the efforts of the clergy of the Orenburg Spiritual School District. The church had one altar and was well supplied with church utensils. The priest and deacon served on a contract basis, as the church did not have its own staff. The church elder was the teacher of the school, Alexey Timofeevich Volkov. The nearest parish churches were the Introduction and Trinity churches. The Orenburg Spiritual School was located between the Prison Lane, Brykin Street, and Kazarmen Street. Initially, the old building of the school was located on Bezakovskaya Street, now Burzyantsev Street, near the 'Alexandrovsky' baths. The church was built for it in the mid-1880s by the Orenburg merchant of the second guild Fyodor Petrovich Degtyarev.

According to the 'Orenburg Diocesan Gazette' for 1905, the new majestic temple, dedicated to the memory of the holy equal-to-the-apostles Tsar Constantine and his mother Helena, was established thanks to the former Bishop of Orenburg Vladimir. At that time, 223 students were studying at the school. During the construction of the new educational building intended for classes, the Bishop insisted on creating a spacious and magnificent church within it. The temple, arranged in two lights and 13 arshins high, impresses with its vastness: its area constitutes a third of the entire building. A significant part of the temple, almost a third, is allocated for the altar, which attracts attention with its unusual size. For the worshippers in the central part of the temple, except for the solea, about 350 square arshins remained. The spaciousness, abundance of light from 28 windows, the splendor of the iconostasis, the shine of gold leaf, and the light tones of the paints on the icons, as well as the overall view of the temple with Doric pilasters and windows replacing decorations, make a strong impression. The floor is decorated with mosaic-like tiles.

After the revolution, the Orenburg Spiritual School, like all other spiritual educational institutions of the diocese, was closed. The school building housed a Training and Production Combine, Educational Center No. 1, and a leather goods factory.