In the land registry books of the New Alexandrov settlement from 1675, the girls' monastery of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is mentioned, located in the city. On the monastery grounds stands the stone church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary with a refectory and a chapel of Mary of Egypt. To the right of the southern entrance to the monastery is a small Assumption church, which gave its name to the entire monastery. It was built in the early 16th century or, according to another version, in the 1570s and served as the family church of the grand princely family. In the church, in addition to the main altar in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God, there were two chapels: the northern one dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the southern one to St. John the Baptist. Built of white stone and brick, the church was originally a four-pillar, single-domed, and three-apsidal structure, rising on a high base with white stone cellars. The open galleries surrounding the church were bricked up in the second half of the 16th century. It is now a five-domed temple, with blind domes without windows, adorned with crosses with crowns. The appearance of the church changed due to the four-pitched roof, likely added in the 18th century. The bell tower of the temple is low, with a tent roof set on a square base with an open arcade. The two-tiered stone porches were partially restored by architect N.V. Sibiryakov. The interior of the church retains carved white stone portals, the southern one of which is fully opened, while the northern one is partially so. The western portal was likely altered during the reconstruction.

In the early 17th century, during the Time of Troubles, the church suffered greatly and services were not held there until the middle of the century. In 1651, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the church was transferred for the establishment of a girls' monastery. The monastery chronicle reports that the elders Anisia and Theodora cleaned the church and restored the icons. With funds donated by Tsarina Maria Ilinichna, the temple was decorated and consecrated on August 15, 1654. Between 1663 and 1666, under Elder Cornelius, the church was significantly reconstructed: the vaults were relaid, two western pillars were dismantled, and instead of one dome, five appeared. A refectory with a bakery and kitchen was added to the west, and later, a stone bell tower with eight bells and a clock was built. A two-story vaulted chamber was also constructed. The work was carried out by masters sent by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Tsarina Maria Ilinichna. The chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was consecrated in honor of Mary of Egypt. In 1667, the temple was re-consecrated, as evidenced by an inscription on the cross.

In 1743, the roofs were replaced and the domes of the church were renewed. In 1755, the vaults were reinforced. In the 19th century, the church windows were replaced with glass, the roofs were covered with iron, and the floors were tiled. Repair work was carried out under the abbesses Evgenia Ivanova, Elisaveta Lavrova, and Euphrasia Likharieva. In 1869, the church was renovated with funds from merchants Polezhaev and Zubov. In 1900, with a donation from Klavdiya Zubova, the roof and domes were painted. The Assumption church was warm and heated by tiled stoves. The lower floor housed a kvass brewery and a prosphora bakery. The church contained two miraculous icons of the Mother of God, one of which is kept in a museum, while the other is in the Trinity Cathedral. The icon of the Assumption of the Mother of God, brought from Jerusalem, was adorned and placed above the royal gates. A special relic was the gilded ark with the relics of saints.

In February 1923, the monastery was closed, but parishioners registered a religious community and continued services in the church. However, soon the temple was transferred to the Alexandrov Museum. In 1927, V.P. Zubov described the church as abandoned and closed to visitors. Currently, the Assumption church is managed by the museum-reserve "Alexandrovskaya Sloboda."