The Old Believer stone church, dedicated to Saints Cosmas and Damian, was built in 1841 on Sergievskaya Street, now known as Priyutskaya. In the late 19th century, thanks to the funding from merchant T.V. Gorin, the church building was expanded and acquired its modern appearance. This temple became the largest Old Believer parish in Saratov.

With the advent of Soviet power, services in the church were banned, and the building itself was nationalized and transferred to the Saratov Regional Archive, which placed its collections there. As of 1917, its address was Priyutskaya, house 40. In 1973, a fire destroyed the roof and ceilings, causing significant damage to the building, after which the archive was moved elsewhere. For some time, the building remained abandoned, but in the 1990s it was returned to the community of believers.

The Old Believer community of the Moscow Metropolis carried out renovation work, and the church was consecrated again, now in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The temple, located deep within the courtyard, is today a place of regular services and is recognized as a monument of culture and architecture.