The building was constructed between 1649 and 1652 after the erection of the Blagoveshchensky Cathedral. It occupies the southwestern part of the monastery and has a G-shaped form on a high sub-church. The Assumption Church is elongated along the north-south axis, and its width is increased due to the adjoining single-column refectory. The building is adorned with two decorative tents, the tops of which were originally covered with glazed tiles and crowned with gilded wrought-iron crosses. The design of the church and bell tower exteriors is similar, indicating their simultaneous construction. The bell tower housed 11 bells, including one cast in 1615, weighing one hundred poods.

In the sub-church, there were storerooms, a bakery, and a kitchen, whose smoke channels heated the upper rooms. In the 17th century, to the north of the bell tower, there were brick vaulted holy gates with a single-domed church in honor of Andrew the First-Called. These gates served as the ceremonial entrance to the monastery from the Blagoveshchenskaya sloboda.